Stimulation elements

Stimulation element is an electronic device containing an antenna and a mechanism for transmitting a modulated signal (including stimulation signal) into the environment. The stimulation element operates continuously.

Purpose of the stimulation element: to transmit modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) into the environment.

3 levels of access to the stimulation element:

1. Multiplexer;
2. Radiating electronic device;
3. Re-radiating electronic device.

Data transmission occurs via a combined network (more details in the section "Combined network").

Multiplexers

Multiplexer is an electronic device that combines multiple modulated signals into one data stream. References: Multiplexing [archive], Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) [archive], Multiplexer [archive].

Multiplexers.

Multiplexers are used for the manufacture of automated multiplexing systems.

Multiplexing systems.

Multiplexers and multiplexing systems combine modulated signals, including embedding stimulation signal into data streams of television, radio, telecommunications, internet, and others (masking). Links to scientific articles where multiplexers are used for masking (different specifics): A Novel Interconnect Camouflaging Technique using Transistor Threshold Voltage [archive], Automated Generation of Masked Hardware [archive].

Additionally, multiplexers have vulnerabilities. Links to scientific publications:

• FANCI: Identification of Stealthy Malicious Logic Using Boolean Functional Analysis [archive];
• Blinding HT: Hiding Hardware Trojan signals traced across multiple sequential levels [archive];
• (PDF) Breakthrough Silicon Scanning Discovers Backdoor in Military Chip [archive].

Patent reference:

• US20160012228A1 — Identification of backdoors and backdoor triggers [archive].

Every multiplexer embedding stimulation signal into data streams of television, radio, telecommunications, internet, and others is a stimulation element of the first level.

Electronic devices radiating

Radiating electronic device is a device made of electronic components for transmitting a modulated signal (including stimulation signal) into the environment. References: Electronic device [archive], Smart device [archive], Electromagnetic radiation [archive].

Every electronic device that radiates a modulated signal (including stimulation signal) in the form of modulated electromagnetic field is a stimulation element of the second level.

Satellites

Satellite (artificial satellite) is an aggregate of electronic devices deployed in Earth's orbit, transmitting modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) over a distance of more than 35,000 km. Reference: Satellite [archive].

Satellites retransmit signals of television, radio, telecommunications, internet, navigation, and others. References: Satellite television [archive], Satellite radio [archive], Satellite phone [archive], Satellite Internet access [archive].

Satellites (left-to-right): broadcasting television, radio broadcasting, telecommunications, internet.

There are over 7,500 active satellites of various purposes in Earth's orbit (the number constantly changes). Publication link: UCS Satellite Database [archive].

An interactive map displays more than 4,000 active satellites correlated with TLE data (last update September 1, 2022). The application was developed at Esri laboratory in Redlands, California. Application link: Satellite search (Esri) [archive].

Radars

Radar is an aggregate of electronic devices transmitting modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) over a distance of up to 5,500 km (according to other data up to 6,000 km). References: Radar [archive], List of radar types [archive].

Radars (left-to-right top-to-bottom): C-band radar with 3 megawatt power and 50-foot parabolic antenna; long-range radar antenna used for tracking space objects and ballistic missiles; antenna of a mobile over-the-horizon radar station of the US Navy; antenna of OU-PRIME research polarimetric radar.

Television and radio broadcasting towers

Television and radio broadcasting tower is an aggregate of electronic devices, support structure, and antennas transmitting modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) over a distance of up to 130 km (technically possible further). References: Radio masts and towers [archive], Ostankino Tower [archive], Lattice tower [archive], 30107 KM [archive], 3803 KM [archive].

Television and radio broadcasting towers (left-to-right): Ostankino, Tokyo, Stuttgart, Penza, Vorkuta, WSB-TV in Atlanta (USA).

There are over 5 million television, radio broadcasting, and cellular communication towers worldwide. Reference reports:

• The Global Market for Telecoms Towers 2014-2020 [archive];
• Telecom Towers - Market Share Analysis, Industry Trends & Statistics, Growth Forecasts (2025 - 2030) [archive];
• Search for: The Global Market for Telecoms Towers [archive].

Also, there are over 60,000 television and radio stations worldwide. References: List of countries by number of television broadcast stations [archive], Category: Lists of radio stations by country [archive].

Cell towers

Cell tower is an aggregate of electronic devices, support structure, and antennas transmitting modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) at distances up to 70 km (technically possible up to 150 km) with speeds up to 100 Gbit/s. Reference: Cell site [archive].

Cell towers.

There are over 5 million television, radio broadcasting, and cellular communication towers worldwide. Reference reports:

• The Global Market for Telecoms Towers 2014-2020 [archive];
• Telecom Towers - Market Share Analysis, Industry Trends & Statistics, Growth Forecasts (2025 - 2030) [archive];
• Search for: The Global Market for Telecoms Towers [archive].

Wireless routers

Wireless router (and access point) is an electronic device transmitting modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) over distances up to 300 meters (with amplification more than 15 km) with speeds up to 9.6 Gbit/s. Reference: Wireless router [archive].

Wireless routers (left-to-right): TP-Link (two in a row), Xiaomi, Asus.

Power lines

Power line is an aggregate of electric devices (including electronic devices), supports, and wires transmitting modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) over a distance up to 6,000 km (covering the entire Earth by Schumann resonances). References: Overhead power line [archive], Power-line communication [archive], Transmission tower [archive], Utility pole [archive].

Power lines.

Power lines transmit modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal), including through connected electronic devices, into the environment. References: Extremely low frequency (ELF) [archive], Very low frequency (VLF) [archive], Schumann resonances [archive].

Publication links:

• Interaction of electromagnetic fields of controlled low-frequency sources with the ionosphere and Earth’s crust, part 1 [archive];
• Interaction of electromagnetic fields of low-to-very-low frequency range with the ionosphere and Earth’s crust, part 2 [archive];
• Characteristics of a Power Line Used as a VLF Antenna [archive];
• Uncommon Electromagnetic Radiations Related to Extra-High Voltage/Ultra-High Voltage Power Projects in China [archive];
• Impact of power line telecommunication systems on radiocommunication systems operating below 80 MHz [archive];
• Electric field of the power terrestrial sources observed by microsatellite Chibis‐M in the Earth's ionosphere in frequency range 1–60 Hz [archive];
• VLF Line Radiation in the Earth’s Magnetosphere and Its Association With Power System Radiation [archive];
• Power line harmonic radiation (PLHR) observed by the DEMETER spacecraft [archive];
• Comparison of magnetospheric line radiation and power line harmonic radiation: A systematic survey using the DEMETER spacecraft [archive];
• Power line harmonic radiation observed by satellite: Properties and propagation through the ionosphere [archive];
• Survey of magnetospheric line radiation events observed by the DEMETER spacecraft [archive];
• Influence of power line harmonic radiation on the VLF wave activity in the upper ionosphere: Is it capable to trigger new emissions? [archive];
• DEMETER observations of manmade waves that propagate in the ionosphere [archive];
• Power line harmonic radiation observed by the DEMETER spacecraft at 50/60 Hz and low harmonics [archive];
• On the nonlinear triggering of VLF emissions by power line harmonic radiation [archive];
• Magnetospheric Effects of Power Line Radiation [archive];
• Power line radiation in the magnetosphere [archive];
• Power Line Radiation and Its Coupling to the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere [archive];
• On the use of ELF/VLF emissions triggered by HAARP to simulate PLHR and to study associated MLR events [archive].

Patent references:

• US3215937A — Extremely low-frequency antenna [archive];
• US3993989A — ELF communications system using HVDC transmission line as antenna [archive];
• US2389432A — Communication system by pulses through the earth [archive].

There are over 100 million km of power lines worldwide. Scientific article link: A global inventory of electricity infrastructures from 1980 to 2017: Country-level data on power plants, grids and transformers [archive].

Ionosphere heaters

Ionosphere heater is an aggregate of electronic devices and antennas transmitting modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) over a distance of 1 billion km (technically possible further). Reference: Ionospheric heater [archive].

Ionosphere heaters (left-to-right top-to-bottom): Research station of the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP); Hicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO); Sura ionospheric heating facility; Siple research station; European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT).

Ionosphere heaters transmit modulated electromagnetic field (including stimulation signal) into the ionosphere (through troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere). References: High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) [archive], European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) [archive], Sura ionospheric heating facility [archive], Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) [archive], Siple Station [archive].

Publication links:

• The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating [archive];
• Observations of global optical-physical phenomena in the upper atmosphere layers under powerful radio emission of heating facility [archive];
• Amplitude and phase of nonlinear magnetospheric wave growth excited by the HAARP HF heater [archive];
• On the occurrence of ground observations of ELF/VLF magnetospheric amplification induced by the HAARP facility [archive];
• Review of Controlled Excitation of Non-linear Wave-Particle Interactions in the Magnetosphere [archive];
• Beat Excitation of Whistler Mode Sidebands Using the Siple VLF Transmitter [archive];
• Unique concurrent observations of whistler mode hiss, chorus, and triggered emissions [archive];
• Multi‐hop whistler‐mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emissions excited by the HAARP HF heater [archive].

Patent references:

• RU2568752C2 — Method of correcting weather conditions [archive];
• RU2622707C1 — Device for correcting weather conditions [archive];
• RU2498562C2 — Method of prevention of tornado and device for its implementation [archive];
• US4686605A — Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere [archive];
• US5041834A — Artificial ionospheric mirror composed of a plasma layer which can be tilted [archive];
• US20070238252A1 — Cosmic particle ignition of artificially ionized plasma patterns in the atmosphere [archive];
• US4712155A — Method and apparatus for creating an artificial electron cyclotron heating region of plasma [archive];
• US5038664A — Method for producing a shell of relativistic particles at an altitude above the Earth's surface [archive];
• GB2539535A — A method and apparatus for concentrating electromagnetic energy [archive];
• US10437130B2 — Method and apparatus for simulating electromagnetic radiation path modifying devices [archive].

Electronic devices re-radiating

Re-radiating electronic device is a device made of electronic components that redirects, redistributes, and/or supplements modulated electromagnetic field (from radiating electronic devices) in the environment.

All electronic devices possessing their own electromagnetic radiation (even small) are capable of re-radiating modulated electromagnetic field.

Re-radiating electronic device include: computers (desktop, portable, mobile, wearable), gadgets, televisions, household appliances, home automation (including energy-saving lamps), automotive, RTLS, and others.

Patent references:

• US6888486B2 — Apparatus for producing a natural electromagnetic alternating field close to the body [archive];
• DE102013007653A1 — Device for emitting an electric near field [archive].

Every electronic device that re-radiates modulated electromagnetic field is a stimulation element of the third level.